India aims to reduce its emissions intensity of GDP by 45% from 2005 levels by 2030 and achieve net zero by 2070, with a target of 50% non‑fossil power capacity by 2030. However, the transport sector, which accounted for 14% of energy‑related CO₂ emissions in 2020, lacks an emissions reduction roadmap. This working paper presents an integrated assessment of decarbonization strategies—electrification, fuel efficiency improvements, and modal shift—using the India Energy Policy Simulator.
